Understanding Menstrual Disorders: A Complete Guide
Menstrual disorders affect millions of women worldwide. As a gynecologist at Muhimbili National Hospital, I often encounter patients struggling with various menstrual issues. This comprehensive guide will help you understand the most common menstrual disorders and when to seek medical attention.
Common Types of Menstrual Disorders
1. Amenorrhea (Absence of Periods)
Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods. It can be primary (never having had a period) or secondary (stopping after having had periods). Common causes include:
- Pregnancy
- Breastfeeding
- Extreme weight loss or gain
- Excessive exercise
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Thyroid disorders
2. Dysmenorrhea (Painful Periods)
Dysmenorrhea is characterized by severe menstrual cramps. While some discomfort is normal, severe pain may indicate underlying conditions such as:
- Endometriosis
- Uterine fibroids
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Adenomyosis
3. Menorrhagia (Heavy Bleeding)
Menorrhagia involves excessive menstrual bleeding that can interfere with daily activities. Causes may include:
- Hormonal imbalances
- Uterine fibroids
- Polyps
- Blood clotting disorders
- Certain medications
When to Seek Medical Attention
It's important to consult a gynecologist if you experience:
- Periods that last longer than 7 days
- Severe pain that doesn't respond to over-the-counter medication
- Bleeding between periods
- Irregular periods for more than 3 months
- Periods that stop for more than 3 months (when not pregnant)
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the specific disorder and underlying cause. Options may include:
- Hormonal therapy
- Pain management
- Surgical interventions
- Lifestyle modifications
If you're experiencing menstrual problems, don't hesitate to schedule an appointment. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and improve your quality of life.